Wildlife free essay sample

The Evils of the Illegal Trade in Wildlife and Wildlife Parts: A Global Perspective Topic for the Essay Writing Section : The Illegal trade In wildlife and wildlife parts has had very serious repercussions on many species of wildlife worldwide, paving the way for many of them to be pushed to the brink of extinction. Discuss this statement In the light of what Is taking place today to a certain species or a number of different species. Discuss the roles of legislators, law enforcement agencies, non-governmental organizations and educational establishments to fight this menace.At the same suggest practical solutions that can curb this trade and eventually bring it to an end. Writing section are required to: 1. Give a clear cut definition of the issue at hand. 2. Give your perceptions of the situation globally or in your respective countries. 3. Outline the roles of the government, non-governmental organizations, and the people In efforts to Instill love and respect of the rights of wildlife. We will write a custom essay sample on Wildlife or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Focus on one or more programmer In your country to Instill awareness on the conservation of lilied and nature.Questions to address In your essay. 1 . How have current efforts in your country to curb the illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife parts helped in preserving endangered species of wildlife? 2. How do you perceive the long term benefits the curbing of illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife parts to your country and the world at large? 3. What concrete actions would you recommend to ensure the continued monitoring of the illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife parts by your country?

Labor Problem essays

Labor Problem essays Discussing about labor force, it would refer to every individuals that is from the outside the company or organization, which that individuals has the probability to be taken as employees to an organization. We could also say that labor force is like a pool of individuals. Labor force is considered as an external environmental factor to a company or an organization. Internal environment workers are always changing rapidly through time, meaning that people in the company will need to change or need to go through an employment rotation and movement, the organizations will need to pay more attention to the labor force environment. The labor force is considered as one of the most important external factor for the dynamic human recourse management environment. Nowadays, workforce is facing a breakthrough where there are almost all developing organizations having diversification in their structural workforce management. The diversification here means to any perceived difference among people like; age, functional specialty, profession, sexual orientation, geographic origin, lifestyle, or even position in the organization. It is the diversity managements task to ensure that factors are in place to provide for and encourage the continued development of a diverse workforce by setting the actual and perceived differences among workers in order to achieved maximum productivity. There are many aspects or components of diversification management, but here, we are not going to discuss it all, we are only focusing on diversification of immigrants. This aspect is chosen on based reason that Malaysia seems to be facing this problem lately, let us discuss on the aspect more deeply. Malaysia has been a target for immigrants from many countries around the countries, many immigrants came from countries like; Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and others. These immigrants even m ...

Mock Concept Paper for Dissertation Research Proposal

Mock Concept Paper for Dissertation - Research Proposal Example Employment gives people tasks and responsibilities that keep them busy, which leaves them with little time to engage in vices that might lead to criminal activities. The most common methods of crime prevention are through deterrence, which is achieved by incarcerating offenders in jails, prisons and penitentiaries. The basic principle with this method is that it denies offenders their basic freedoms of movement and association amongst others. Depending on the terms of their incarceration, offenders eventually get to return to their communities and societies, which are referred to as reentry. The process of reentry poses different challenges depending on the nature of their communities and societies. This is because there exist various stereotypes and perceptions with regard to people who have been involved with crime. The degree of successful reentry into society after incarceration determines the levels or extent of recidivism of offenders. Previous research studies have established a connection or relation between employment, reentry and recidivism of offenders in society. Various factors play a role in determining the success or failure of re-integrating back into society or their recidivism into crime and incarceration. Employment is a key factor in these matters because it determines whether they are able to cater for their needs in a sustainable and lawful manner. Statement of the Problem The role of employment as a factor in offender reentry and recidivism provides a potential avenue for further study into the role that it can play in rehabilitation efforts away from institutions. Employment ensures that offenders are engaged in constructive endeavors that benefit themselves and their community. Various factors influence the ability of offenders to acquire or attain employment after they rejoin their communities. These factors have varying effects depending on the individual and characteristic society or community. As it has been established by previous studies, employment or its lack is a major instigator of crime. This is because; employment provides a source of livelihood, without which an individual is forced to seek alternative means of earning a living. In today’s world, alternative sources of earning a livelihood are permeated with illegal aspects that land people in jail. There are various independent (IV), dependent variables (DV), mediating and moderating variables that have been the subject of research studies regarding their influence on employment and crime (Fairchild & Mackinnon, 2009). A key construct in the journal article ‘Reentry and the Ties that Bind: An Examination of Social Ties, Employment and Recidivism’, are the social ties of an offender reentering society (Berg & Huebner, 2011). Researchers in this study found out that offenders who maintained social ties with their families and obtained steady work were less likely to recidivate (Berg & Huebner, 2011). A research study was conducted u nder the title, â€Å"Predicting Recidivism for Released State Prison Offenders: Examining the Influence of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics and Spatial Contagion on the Likelihood of Re-incarceration† (Stahler et al. 2013). In another research study, the effects of Minnesota Prison-Based Educational Programming on Recidivism and Employment were

The product development process Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The product development process - Article Example Such demands go in details from quality, affordability, reliability, durability and likeability amongst others. The product development process is such that it is inclusive of all the possible features a potential customer in any part of the world may desire. This paper shall analyze how to develop a product at the Apple Inc. The chosen product is phone line for various models of iPhone. Product development process is a critical area in manufacturing that determines the extent to which a firm may be competitive in its target market. Apple’s products go through the normal development process that many businesses also go through. Before the company launches a product, the product passes through pre-development, development, and post-development. At the predevelopment stages, the company has to go through strategic development, marketing analysis and business plan. To begin with, strategic planning revolves around product project plan. For instance, Apple’s strategic product planning takes into consideration what other competitors are offering. It compares its features against those of other manufacturers in a bid to come up with a new product that meets the market demand. Taking a case study of iPhone 6, it is observable that the pre-development stage maintained some features of the previous version as it improved on some features. All that reflects customers’ desire. For instance, the desire for a slimmer device has not changed. Internal memory is another issue that Apple considers. One of the most important features that Apple considerers is the IOS used in the device. The choice of the IOS enables the product to support features that give it a competitive advantage over its competitors. Whereas it is a common practice for companies to design their new products to conform to the budgetary allocations in the manufacturing and the financial departments, Apple’s

East & West Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

East & West - Essay Example The negative treatment of the media, particularly, its penchant for humiliating Muslims, is seen as a major contributor to such phenomenon. This paper will examine how the Muslim community is represented in the print media. Background: The British Print Media In order to understand the dynamics of the Muslim representation in the print media, it is important to explain the nature and characteristics of the British press. As anywhere, the newspapers in Britain are categorized into two – broadsheet and tabloid. The fundamental differences of these two classifications pertain to the size and the content. According to Penock (2000), broad generalizations can also be made out of the news style wherein broadsheet is equated with â€Å"quality† press while the tabloid dwells more on the â€Å"popular† press, which relies on the sensational treatment of a small segment of news. (p131) With this in mind, it is easy to understand how broadsheets and tabloids could report t he same story differently according to their style. Furthermore, both of the broadsheet and the tabloid media are popular and that the United Kingdom prides its print media to have the most number of national daily and Sunday newspapers throughout the world. Bednarek (2006) highlighted that the British public is third biggest newspaper buyers in the global ranking, with nearly 80 per cent of all households buying newspaper daily. (p12) The span of the geographical reach of the newspaper also highlights its capability to frame and shape public opinion and, in the process, influence all policy networks. This is underscored by the fact that the British newspapers are known to adopt specific editorial positions on various issues such as politics, class and race. For instance, The Daily Telegraph is known for supporting the Conservatives both during electoral exercise and in policymaking. Many British editors and journalists would go as far as saying that the materials they publish refle ct the views of society and therefore mirror reality. Despite the claims to balance, hence, it is inevitable for the press to be biased against immigrants. It is helpful to remember that journalists are also human, living within the society that they report on. For a long time, British society has adopted the view that people of colour and different culture and ethnicity are alien, effectively embedding in all sectors and institutions within it a deep resentment towards plurality. Since the 1980s, there has been a gradual shift in policy, wherein a more diverse community is being targeted by encouraging multi-ethnic immigration but the resistance to diversity has persisted in many social institutions and this is true in the case of the media. According to Greenslade (2005), within the national paper newsrooms there are very few non-white journalists, certainly fewer than is representative of the overall non-white population that is why it is very likely that the values of indigenous Britons and their prejudices continue to hold sway in the popular press. (p11) Islamophobia As previously mentioned, there had been some progress in Britain’s attempts at building a pluralistic society. This, however, encountered a setback during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack in the United States. There are some quarters that attribute this to the growing Islamophobia that permeates in Western societies like

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy Beyza GÃâ€"LGE In todays, demand for electric energy has increased with growing world’s population. Modern society has depended on fossil fuels for energy. However, because of the fact that fossil resources are limited and cannot last a long time, human beings have been in quest for finding new alternative energy sources. Since 1939, they have performed lots of experiments and researches in this area. First of all, the atomic fission, which is today known as the most crucial scientific finding in the physics, was discovered. In the following years, chain reaction was controlled and eventually, electric power production came true. Finally, in 1958, first electric energy was produced and utilized thanks to nuclear energy in the USA and then it expanded to other countries such as France, Germany, England and Russia. Nowadays, 11% of electric in world is ensured from nuclear energy (Steven B. Krivit, 2011). Today, running nuclear energy has become most controversial issue among people because of its safety and nuclear waste. Even if there are advantages of nuclear energy that which is fallen back upon to overcome the lack of energy, there are more serious disadvantages that should not be ignored. First advantage of nuclear energy is that nuclear energy has lower greenhouse gas emissions. During the processes of building, processing and switching off, it releases less amount of greenhouse gases. All different types of electric production techniques give rise to be released greenhouse gas which may be various quantities. Comparison with other electric generation methods such as lignite, coal, oil and natural gas, nuclear energy emits less greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide ( see Figure 1) (Greenhouse gas emissions avoided through use of nuclear energy, 2014). Therefore, it is clearly understood that nuclear energy is less harmful for environment in terms of gas emissions. Other advantage of nuclear energy is job opportunities. It provides lots of job opportunities so many people. While nuclear power plant is being constructed and operated, a lot of employees and engineers take in charge. In addition, container houses are built to live staffs in this process. By this means, itmay be dealt with unemployment by giving a chance to people out of work. Figure 1 On the contrary, there are also serious disadvantages of nuclear energy. First disadvantage is nuclear waste. Some metal materials transform to radioactive state during some operations such as cooling reactor, cleaning of storage pool and also, running of nuclear power plants. These radioactive stuffs are called nuclear waste. Two types nuclear waste occurred: low level and high level radioactive wastes. Low level nuclear waste has same amount of radioactivity which emerging from schools, laboratories and hospitals so it is not remarkable issue. When chain reaction cannot be pursued effectively, power plant reactors induce to be occurred high level nuclear wastes which are fuel bundles. When the reactor fuel forms, in the sequel, it takes a 45 billion year to become harmless (Radioactive Waste, 2014). As a result of that, people and other living things will expose to these radioactive waste products in a long time. The situation also will cause irreparable damage to the environment. Because of this, people should be protected from radioactive waste products and radioactive wastes must be buried in private storages under the surface and remote from ground waters. Reactor accident is other disadvantage of nuclear energy. When something in the system fails, nuclear accident may happen. Failures in plant organization and management, operator errors and lack of quality and also education of employees may give rise to nuclear accidents. Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima can be given as examples for nuclear accident in the world. Fuel melt down in accidents makes nuclear accident harmful. Bernard (2005) states that amount of fuel melt down determines number of those who are affected from accident and died because of the cancer. If there are in 2 out of 3 melt downs, nobody dies. However, if average of melt downs, it brings at least 400 deaths. For instance, 50.000 people died due to 1 out of 100.000 melt downs. Therefore, it is not contestable that there is always a risk to become nuclear energy accident. Also, effects of nuclear energy accident are indestructible and continue for a long time. As a result of this, it is a considerable thre at on people health. Last disadvantage of production electric by utilizing nuclear energy is nuclear weapons. Nuclear energy can be used with the purpose of war and terrorism. In todays, lots of countries such as USA, Russia and Israel are disposed to produce nuclear weapons. If these nuclear weapons are used against other countries, it brings calamity of nuclear war. Up to now, human beings have borne witness to two atom bombs. These atom bombs were dropped by the US against Japan on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities during World War II. Consequently, so many people lost their live. According to researches, it is estimated that number of people who died from nuclear bombs reached 250.000 in Hiroshima and 150.000 in Nagasaki in 5 years (Effects of nuclear weapons, n.d.). These events show that nuclear weapons create indestructible issues. Moreover, radioactivity occurs as a result of the nuclear bombs. Effects of radioactivity on humans and environment last too many years. To illustrate, numbers of peopl e who have cancer have increased after the tragedy of using nuclear bombs in the World War II. This tragedy has created genetic abnormalities in the individuals and it will also affect the future generations. Therefore, to prevent possible disasters, the nuclear energy should not be utilized. To sum up, it is difficult to fulfill the electric needs with increasing population day by day. People have tried the different forms of energy to find a solution. One of these energy forms is nuclear energy. Through nuclear power plants, not only a large proportion of electricity needs in the world can be supplied by not releasing greenhouse gases but also it provides employment for many people. Yet, it should not be ignored that nuclear energy may lead to disasters by reason of nuclear wastes, reactor accidents and nuclear weapons. That is true maybe nuclear energy can meet energy need but dangerous, fatal and persistent effects of nuclear energy should always be considered in the first plan. If it is not done, it will bring huge and irrevocable disasters rather than its benefits. REFERENCES Effects of nuclear weapons. (n.d.). Retrieved from Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament: http://www.cnduk.org/campaigns/global-abolition/effects-of-nuclear-weapons Cohen, B. L. (2005). Risk of Nuclear Power. Retrieved from University of Michigan: http://www.umich.edu/~radinfo/introduction/np-risk.htm Greenhouse gas emissions avoided through use of nuclear energy. (2014). Retrieved from World Nuclear Association: http://www.world-nuclear.org/Nuclear-Basics/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-avoided/ Radioactive Waste. (2014, October 24). Retrieved from Governmental Nuclear Regulatory Commission: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/radwaste.pdf Steven B. Krivit, J. H. ( 2011). Early History of Nuclear Energy. In Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications (pp. 15-23). Canada: John Wiley Sons.

Character Motivations in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller

Motivations In the play, The Crucible,by Arthur Miller.Many characters have desires that drive them to pursue certain things.This affects the plot in many ways.In this puritan society,people strongly cared what other people think of them and how their reputation stands in the village.They always strive to make sure their actions reflect wisely on their names.A major motivation John Proctor,Abagail,and Parris share is pride in their names,which eventually leads to their ultimate downfall. When the play sets in action, John has had a past affair with his servant, Abigail Williams. His wife, Elizabeth Proctor, is very forgiving of his sin, but John has his mind set that he will not confess to anyone else, in fear of ruining his good name and reputation. The affair between John and Abigail causes the start of chaotic witchery and accusation. After the affair, Abigail becomes horribly jealous of Elizabeth Proctor. Proctor realizes there is only one way to stop all the witch hysteria in Salem, and that would be to admit to adultery which is considered a sin. . Also in the beginning R...

Sector of Economic Activities

The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth. The primary sector includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activities associated with the primary sector include agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The packaging and processing of the raw material associated with this sector is also considered to be part of this sector. In developed and developing countries, a decreasing proportion of workers are involved in the primary sector. About 3% of the U. S. abor force is engaged in primary sector activity today, while more than two-thirds of the labor force were primary sector workers in the mid-nineteenth century. Secondary Sector The secondary sector of the economy manufactures finished goods. All of manufacturing, processing, and construction lies within the secondary sector. Activities associated with the secondary sector include metal working and smelting, automobile production, textile production, chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, engineering, breweries and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding. Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry. This sector provides services to the general population and to businesses. Activities associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation and distribution, entertainment (movies, television, radio, music, theater, etc. ), restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, healthcare, and law. In most developed and developing countries, a growing proportion of workers are devoted to the tertiary sector. In the U. S. , more than 80% of the labor force are tertiary workers.

Environmental Issue in the Philippines Essays

Environmental Issue in the Philippines Essays Environmental Issue in the Philippines Paper Environmental Issue in the Philippines Paper Currently, the Valetudinarianisms of Environmental and Natural Resources has been busy tracking down illegal loggers and been spearheading projects to preserve the quality of many remaining rivers that are not yet polluted. The Philippines is the country of beauty and breath taking views,but time past and a lot has changed. We were IRRESPONSIBLE,NEGLECTFUL, and INSENSITIVE.. There are few signs today of the Philippines once sprawling rainforests. With a growing trend in human population, it is hoped that the countrys environment will not suffer the same fate. Overfeeding and destructive fishing The Philippines ranked 1 lath among the top fish producing countries in 2003 with the production of 2. 63 million tones of fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aqua plants. As an archipelago state with over 2. 2 million km of highly productive seas, the Philippines has vast fishery resources, and the most biodiversity marine area in the world. However all the countrys main fish pieces and marine organisms are showing signs of overfeeding. The main species fished are small pelagic, tuna and other large pelagic fish, demurral fish and invertebrates. The tuna fisheries became the largest and most valuable fisheries in the Philippines in the sass, and the country became the number one producer of tuna in southeast Asia in the sass. However, as the catch began to decline, Filipino fishing companies began fishing in international waters. The state of demurral stocks in Filipino waters is a real cause for concern. The main reason is over-capacity in he fishing fleet but, although concerns were raised as early as the 1 9605, a lack of control has meant that many species have been virtually eliminated. The deep-sea fisheries resources are in many case uncharted and unknown and are relatively unexploited; however, the one deep sea fishery that has been exploited, the dogfish shark fishery, has seen the collapse of the species, so there is a clear need for proper protection and management of these areas. The authorities have made real efforts to crack down on illegal fishing by both Filipino fishers and foreign fishers (mainly Chinese), at the national and regional levels. Illegal fishing in the Autobahn Reef National Marine park has been highlighted by global conservation groups during 2007 . Problems faced by the authorities include persistent cyanide fishing, corruption by local officials, and links to serious crime, which have resulted in a number of murders of those enforcing the laws. However, some regions have seen dramatic falls in illegal fishing activities as a result of tighter controls. Fishers in the Philippines are increasingly coming home with pitiful catches. Of a number of factors which have led to this situation, one stands out: over-fishing in many areas. According to thespian Development Bank (DAB), there has been a drop of 90% in the quantity of marine organisms that can be trawled in some traditional fishing areas of the Philippines. This sinusitis a question of declining fish stocks and biodiversity, but also of social impacts and economic losses. Mismanagement of fisheries resources is estimated to cost SIS$ 420 million annually in lost revenues. At the root of the overfeeding problem is weak fisheries management, ineffective policies and poor enforcement of fishery laws-Philippine seas supply food for the whole country and livelihood for millions of people. Fisheries are economically, culturally, socially and ecologically important to all Filipinos. These resources are in crisis as evidenced by the declining fish catch, size and species composition around the country. The current condition of fisheries in the Philippines and worldwide is bleak. Overfeeding, illegal fishing and habitat destruction combined with increased demand for fish and population growth continue to drive fisheries production into a deeper abyss. Seemingly impossible just 20 years ago, protein deficiency among fishing communities is now increasing at an alarming rate CORE PROBLEMS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS ; Loss of marine biodiversity ; Declining fish stocks ;Loss of revenues and benefits from fisheries and coastal resources Overfeeding ; Illegal and destructive fishing ; Coastal and habitat degradation ; Isolation and pollution ; Post-harvest losses ; Inefficient marketing Inequitable distribution of benefits from fisheries and coastal resource uses I Open access ; Inter- and intra-sector conflicts ; Low awareness and participation in management Lack of employment/poverty among municipal fishers ; Population growth Low awareness of the implications of overpopulation and food security ; Lack of delivery mechanisms for reproductive health programs in rural coastal communities I ; Inconsistent policies and programs for sustainable fisheries Continued investments in production-oriented programs ; Conflicting and fragmented national policies ; Weak institutional and stakeholder capacity to plan and implement fisheries management Absence of a vision for institutional change to supp ort sustainable fisheries ; Inadequate technical and financial support to LOGIC fisheries management initiatives ;Weak and inadequate law enforcement Inadequate interagency coordination mechanisms for fisheries and coastal source management ; Coastal infrastructure development Coastal zone development has been particularly damaging to the Philippines marine environment, especially to coral reefs, mangroves, and grasses. As populations have increased, so have their needs for construction materials and living space. Excavation, dredging and coastal conversion to accommodate coastal development have seen corals being extracted for reclamation and construction, especially in coastal villages. Mangroves have particularly suffered from coastal development, notably at the hands of the aquaculture industry. In the Philippines, aquaculture has reduced mangrove stands to only 36% Of 1900 levels. The evolution of the present regulations governing fisheries can be traced as far back as the Spanish Law on Waters in 1866, which recognized the right of the public to fish from the shore and granted rights to Spanish registered seafarers and merchant sailors to fish from boats in maritime coastal zones. The Spanish Law on Waters was extended to the Philippines by a Royal Decree in 1 866 (Penn 1997). The decree declared that the shores, coasts and coastal seas were part of the national domain, though open to public use. As early as 1598, Antonio De Morgan demanded that a regulation size net be prescribed for use and complained that fishing with too closely-knit nets was killing small fry (De Morgan 1 971 Fisheries regulation remained relatively unchanged during the Spanish period-Fishery laws in the Philippines did not change until the Congress enacted the Fisheries Code of 1998. While it contains more specific provisions on sustainable development of resources, it has not changed the orientation of the law in emphasizing exploitation. The new code emphasizes food security, personalization of local fishers in the allocation of reveilles and benefits and sustainable development, among others. It provides for limiting excessive resources through quotas, closed seasons, restrictions on the use of destructive fishing gear, understanding fishery reserves and sanctuaries. A significant change in the new code is the devolution of management to local governments. Municipal waters, extending up to 15 km offshore, are under the control of municipal and city governments. The national government retains control of waters beyond the municipal jurisdictions. This is in line with the general principle of devolution ender the LLC, which was passed seven years earlier. The LLC transferred to local governments broad powers of environmental protection, but especially control over the coastal areas within their jurisdictions. The LLC, however, focused on permits and fiscal matters. Now, with the Fisheries Code, general management and development powers are given to the local governments. A few months before the enactment of the new Fisheries Code, Congress passed the FAME, which focuses on food security and global competitiveness in the agriculture and fisheries sector and ensures the equitable sharing of benefits among stakeholders. The act aims to provide financial and technical support to the agro-fisheries industry in its modernization effort. Urban Development and Waste Disposal Settlement includes shelter and all other necessary infrastructures such as roads, water supply,energy sources, transportation, community buildings and other facilities. To date, population density haciendas tremendously from 64. 1 in 1948 to 228. 7 in 1 995 (NCSC 1996). Over 60% of the total population resides in some 10 000 coastal Barings, including some larger urban centers (COPE 1997). A number of subdivisions are situated in coastal zones. Some foreshore areas are being reclaimed to house residential, commercial and industrial establishments in order to address the increasing demands of arbitration. A recent development is the practice of building resorts, factories and buildings right on the shore, even abutting the sea, in clear violation of mandatory easement rules. Together with the increase in the number of coastal communities is the need for transportation facilities. Natural land forms influence the major road networks of the countrys coastal provinces. Roads run along the coastlines which branch out as minor arteries leading inland. The government should make more action regarding this issues,specially the people in squatter areas they always do improper disposal of waste. The problem of waste disposal is especially acute in urban areas.

neurofibromatosis essays

neurofibromatosis essays Neurofibromatosis 1 and 2 are both autosomal dominant genetic disorders, meaning that one only needs to be born with one abnormal gene to have the condition, and are also both transmitted the same way. The gene responsible for Neurofibromatosis (NF) can either be inherited from a parent, or can occur at random in an individual with no family history of NF due to a spontaneous mutation. Once an individual has the NF gene, there is a 50% chance that said gene will be passed onto a child, due to the genes dominant nature. It is equally possible that a child of a parent with NF will be completely free of the disorder. There are extreme variations witnessed in affected individuals even within the same family. The same NF gene present in different family members can result in varying severity of NF symptoms. For example, a parent suffering from severe NF can have a child with very mild NF. Presently, there is no way to predict the specific symptoms or severity a person affected by NF will develop. The most common form of NF is NF1 (Also known as Von Recklinghausen disease or peripheral NF) occurring in 1:4 000 births. NF1 is usually diagnosed by freckling in the armpit or groin areas, optic glioma (a tumor on the optic nerve), severe scoliosis (curvature of the spine), enlargement of certain bones, caf-au-lait macules (flat coffee-colored patches on the skin), lison nodules (small pigmented lumps in the iris), and neurofibromas (small swellings arising from the fibrous outer lining of nerves) which are often unsightly and surgically removed. Neurofibromas may undergo malignant change to become cancerous, producing neurofibrosarcomas. Most cases of NF1 are mild to moderates, but some may be more severe. Severe NF1 symptoms can include disfigurement, blindness, deafness, skeletal abnormalities, tumors, and learning. Approximately 50% of people with ei ...

Bench mark assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bench mark assignment - Essay Example However, the bacteria spreads faster and affects the internal systems such as the lungs. The major symptoms of the disease include tiredness, weight loss, stubborn and chronic coughs, night sweats and loss of appetite (Harvard University, 2010). Also, people with tuberculosis may have heavy sputum. An infection of the lungs makes breathing difficult, and a patient produces amphoric sounds when breathing. Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease. It is spread through air. Individuals near an infected person are at a high risk of being infected. Normally, the bacteria are suspended in body fluid droplets suspended in the air when an infected person coughs, spit or sneezes. As such, any person who breathes that contaminated air is at a high risk of getting the disease. People at high risk include friends, family members, and health workers. Tuberculosis bacteria are highly resistant to medication. As such, it is important to detect the virus at early stages of infection. The treatment is done after a successful diagnosis that involves a test on the sputum, skin, and chest x-ray. Treatment depends on whether a person has only an infection or has active TB bacteria. Infected person may be treated using simple preventative drugs such as Isoniazid. However, advanced TB requires complex treatment. According to WHO, active cases of TB requires specialized drugs like Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin (2009). Tuberculosis medications are supposed to be taken accurately lest the bacteria becomes resistant to treatment. Tuberculosis is among the most deadly illnesses in the world and affects 2.3 billion people in the world (CDC). According to the American lung association, the threat of tuberculosis has been falling steadily from the 1990s (lung.org). In America, total deaths arising from the sickness has tumbled. In addition, most of the fresh infections are arising from immigrants. In fact, immigrant infections comprise 62% of total infections in the

Business ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business ethics - Research Paper Example Business ethics is defined as the rules that govern the operation of an organization. Every business operates with a view of making profits. A business that adopts an ethical approach to their operations are more profitable than those that lack a clearly stipulated code of conduct (Weiss 72). Therefore, it is necessary for those businesses aiming to raise their profits to adopt and set an ethical approach that will govern the conduct of the employees and their mangers to enhance discipline and integrity. The levels of business ethics Business ethics is classified into the following three classes; the macro level, the individual and the corporate level. The macro level of business ethics defines and stipulates the role of business in the international fraternity. It further elaborates the different political and social systems like the free enterprise, centrally planned economies among others. The business tends to differentiate between ethical and unethical; this is usually called th e proper behavior at this level. Finally, this level defines the international ties and the role of business on the international scale (Weiss 74). The corporate level brings out the corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is usually defined as the obligations that different companies and business have in society, for example, education, health and others. This level also discusses the ethical issues facing individual and corporate entities (both private and public) when formulating and implementing strategies (Weiss 75). At this level, the behavior of employees both inside and outside the business is also checked. This is done to avoid mistrust, abuse of office and the separation of ownership within the management team, which is checked against business and personal interest. The individual level looks at the behavior and actions of individuals within organizations. An individual’s business ethics may be reliant on the personality, peer pressure, and the socio-political environment in which the person is exposed to. Importance of business ethics Business ethics can be regarded as an essential factor in the world of businesses. Ethics apply in all stages of development, starting from the production of a product, sales and marketing, customer handling, and finance. The role played at every stage is crucial in enhancing business success and gaining of corporate social responsibility. Therefore, it is critical for every business to adopt some ethics in its operations (Weiss 75). Every business strives to maintain the integrity in the face of the customer in an effort to build loyalty and respectful clientele relationships. It is also crucial to maintain goodwill of the business and to control the returns or try to maintain those returns, which in the long run bring the lasting solutions of the business success. The ethics also define the way the customer’s issues are handled, especially in the case of complains and seeking professional advice (W eiss 75). The customer tends to be influenced more by the services than the product a business is providing; therefore, handling such issues becomes a crucial issue for the business. When this is done ethically, the business creates a customer base, which is not easy to achieve without business ethics. It is essential for every wing or department to adopt an ethical strategy in various business responsibilities. This should extend to the various stakeholders including shareholders, employees and the community at large. Sometimes, it is hard